The Dose18:33Key Information on Cardiac Arrest
Cardiac arrest is a critical medical emergency that can strike anyone at any time, where prompt action from a bystander can significantly impact the outcome, potentially saving a life.
In Canada, there are approximately 60,000 instances of cardiac arrests outside medical facilities annually, as reported by the Canadian Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (CanROC), a collective of researchers, scientists, and medical responders. Shockingly, only a small percentage of individuals who experience cardiac arrest outside a hospital setting survive, with nearly half of these incidents affecting individuals under the age of 65, according to insights from Heart and Stroke.
Tisha White, the resuscitation program manager for Atlantic Canada at Heart and Stroke, emphasizes the importance of immediate intervention, stating that one does not necessarily require formal CPR training to provide assistance. White stresses the significance of taking action, such as administering hands-on compressions or utilizing an automated external defibrillator (AED), as every passing minute without intervention decreases the chances of survival.
Understanding Cardiac Arrest
The incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrests has seen a notable rise in recent years, attributed in part to more precise estimations. Factors contributing to this surge include an aging population, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the opioid crisis, according to experts.
Unlike a heart attack, which involves a blockage in a heart blood vessel, cardiac arrest results from an electrical malfunction that halts the heart’s beating. Dr. Roopinder Sandhu likens this situation to a breaker being switched off, causing a cessation of blood flow to vital organs like the brain.
In the event of a cardiac arrest, immediate action is critical. Heart and Stroke advocates for a “chain of survival” approach, outlining the following steps for bystanders before professional help arrives:
- Recognize the cardiac arrest and dial 911.
- Initiate CPR with a focus on chest compressions.
- Promptly use an AED for defibrillation.
Identifying Cardiac Arrest Symptoms
Recognizing the signs of a potential cardiac arrest is crucial. Dr. Sandhu highlights key indicators such as collapse, unresponsiveness, absence of breathing, or gasping sounds when breathing. Upon observing these symptoms, immediate action is imperative, including calling for emergency assistance and locating an AED if possible.
Performing CPR
Basic CPR skills can be instrumental in saving a life during a cardiac arrest. While traditional mouth-to-mouth resuscitation may not be common among bystanders, chest compressions play a vital role in maintaining blood circulation to vital organs. Proper CPR technique involves placing the hands correctly on the chest and applying rhythmic compressions at a rate of 100 to 120 beats per minute. Continuous chest compressions are advised, even if one feels unsure, as any effort to deliver oxygenated blood to the brain is beneficial.
Utilizing an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)
When an AED is available, it should be promptly used in conjunction with CPR. AEDs analyze the individual’s heart rhythm and administer a shock if necessary. These devices are equipped with user-friendly audio instructions and visual aids for correct pad placement on the chest. Despite potential concerns about using an AED incorrectly, modern devices are designed to only deliver a shock when essential.
Raising Awareness and Overcoming Barriers
Tisha White addresses the gender imbalance in responding to cardiac arrests, noting a reluctance to perform CPR on women due to societal perceptions. She emphasizes the importance of overcoming such barriers and providing timely assistance regardless of gender, as every moment counts in a cardiac emergency. Education and awareness campaigns can help dispel myths and encourage more individuals to learn CPR techniques, potentially saving lives in critical situations.
By promoting education on cardiac arrest and CPR, organizations like Heart and Stroke aim to empower individuals, including young people, with life-saving skills. Through increased awareness and training, more bystanders can confidently respond to emergencies, contributing to improved survival rates in cases of cardiac arrest.