(NEXSTAR) – The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has issued a warning regarding the surge in measles outbreaks as the highly contagious virus continues to spread in the U.S. and internationally.
Recent outbreaks have predominantly been associated with travel abroad. Countries such as Austria, the Philippines, Romania, and the United Kingdom are currently grappling with measles outbreaks, according to the CDC.
Although measles poses the greatest risk to young children and expectant mothers, the CDC emphasizes the importance of vaccination for all individuals, particularly those embarking on international travel, to curb the virus’ transmission.
What is the efficacy of the vaccine? Who is eligible for it?
Measles is exceptionally contagious, with the CDC cautioning that one infected person can transmit the virus to 9 out of 10 unvaccinated individuals in close proximity.
The MMR vaccine (measles, mumps, and rubella) has demonstrated significant efficacy. Two doses have shown to be 97% effective in preventing measles upon exposure, while a single dose provides 93% protection.
Typically administered during childhood, the first dose of the vaccine can be given after 12 months of age, with the second dose recommended between 4 and 6 years old. Adolescents and adults who missed the vaccine earlier in life can still receive it.
What constitutes full vaccination?
According to the CDC, individuals are considered safeguarded against measles if they have:
- Received two doses of the vaccine
- Obtained a single dose (for preschool-aged children awaiting the second dose or adults not in high-risk environments)
- Laboratory confirmation of prior measles infection or immunity
- Birth before 1957
Is a booster shot necessary?
Once fully vaccinated, a booster shot is not required as per the U.S. vaccination schedule. The two doses provide lifelong protection, as per the CDC guidelines.
If unsure about previous vaccination status, individuals are advised to consult their healthcare provider. In cases where vaccination records are unavailable and immunity status is uncertain, an additional dose may be recommended.
“It is safe to receive an extra dose of the MMR vaccine if there is doubt regarding immunity,” stated the CDC. Alternatively, healthcare providers can conduct blood tests to ascertain immunity, although this is generally not the primary recommendation.
What is the severity of the current outbreak?
As of 2024, the CDC has recorded 58 confirmed measles cases across 17 jurisdictions in the U.S. Although the number may seem modest, it surpasses the total cases reported in 2023. Last year, there were 58 cases throughout the entire year.
Over 90% of the cases this year have been associated with travel.
In severe instances, measles may necessitate ventilation or result in fatalities, noted Dr. Julia Retureta from HCA Florida Lawnwood Hospital. Infants under 12 months face the highest risk of complications, but adults and the elderly can also experience severe illness.
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